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According to an ongoing investigation by Indian Country Today, a large portion of this land may still be held by churches. also set apart tracts of Native lands for use by religious institutions and organizations. Although the total amount of these funds used to directly fund schools is unknown, according to an investigation by Indian Country Today, more than $30 million in today’s dollars were siphoned away during a nine year period by Catholic schools alone. In a major finding, the report documents the use of tribal trust and treaty funds for the federal boarding school system as well as mission schools operated by religious institutions and organizations. (Related: ‘We won’t forget about the children’) Native land and wealth diminished An unknown number of religious Indian boarding schools, funded by private and government funds, predate the Civilization Act by at least 100 years. For more than 150 years, Indigenous children were taken from their communities and forced into boarding schools that focused on assimilation. economy, further disrupting Tribal economies.”įederal boarding schools first started with the Indian Civilization Act of 1819 when the government enacted laws and policies to establish and support Indian boarding schools. It also found schools focused on “manual labor and vocational skills that left American Indian, Alaska Native, and Native Hawaiian graduates with employment options often irrelevant to the industrial U.S. The 1969 Kennedy Report, cited in the Department investigation, noted that rampant physical, sexual and emotional abuse: disease malnourishment overcrowding, and lack of health care at Indian boarding schools are well-documented. (Related: Pope Francis apologizes for churches' role in Canadian Indian residential schools) The federal government, at times, paid them on a per capita basis for the children to enter into the schools.Ī map of boarding school sites provided by the Interior DepartmentĮxamples included descriptions of accommodations at select boarding schools such as the White Earth Boarding school in Minnesota where two children slept in one bed, the Kickapoo Boarding School in Kansas where three children shared a bed and the Rainy Mountain Boarding School in Oklahoma where, “single beds pushed together so closely to preclude passage between them and each bed has two or more occupants.” For instance, the number of Catholic Indian boarding schools receiving direct funding alone is at least 113 according to records at the Bureau of Catholic Indian Missions.Ībout 50 percent of federal Indian boarding schools may have received support or involvement from religious institutions or organizations including funding, infrastructure and personnel, Newland said. The final list of Indian boarding schools will surely grow as the investigation continues. The list includes religious mission schools that received federal support, however, government funding streams were complex therefore, all religious schools receiving federal, Indian trust and treaty funds are likely not included. Some of these schools operated across multiple sites. The findings show from 1819 to 1969, the federal Indian boarding school system consisted of 408 federal schools across 37 states, some territories at that time, including 21 schools in Alaska and seven schools in Hawai’i. Newland led the over 100-page report, which includes historical records of boarding school locations and their names, and the first official list of burial sites. It is my priority to not only give voice to the survivors and descendants of federal Indian boarding school policies, but also to address the lasting legacies of these policies so Indigenous Peoples can continue to grow and heal.” “We continue to see the evidence of this attempt to forcibly assimilate Indigenous people in the disparities that communities face. “The consequences of federal Indian boarding school policies-including the intergenerational trauma caused by the family separation and cultural eradication inflicted upon generations of children as young as 4 years old - are heartbreaking and undeniable,” Haaland said in a statement.
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Interior Secretary Deb Haaland, Bryan Newland, assistant secretary for Indian Affairs, Deborah Parker who is the chief executive officer of the National Native American Boarding School Healing Coalition and James LaBelle Sr., a boarding school survivor and the first vice president of the coalition's board, spoke at a news conference in Washington announcing the report’s findings. It’s being called the first volume of the report and comes nearly a year after the department announced a “comprehensive” review. Department of Interior released its investigative report Wednesday on the Federal Indian Boarding School Initiative.
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By Kalle Benallie - Indian Country Today - May 12, 2022